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目的:了解宿迁市降氟改水工程运行情况及其效果,为地方性氟中毒防治策略的制定提供参考。方法:设计专用调查表,调查改水工程运行情况;分析2003~2005年降氟改水工程水氟监测结果;2005~2006年在全市范围内开展病区村的氟斑牙患病率调查。结果:全市现有病区村788个,已完成改水612个,其中正常供水的584个,占74.11%。2002~2005年改水工程水氟监测结果显示,水氟的超标率逐年增加,2005年水氟超标率达17.58%,水氟含量最高为3.25 mg/L。与2002年相比,2004、2005年水样超标率均有所提高,差异有统计学意义(χ2分别为5.33、5.46,P值均<0.05)。与1983~1985年调查相比,2005~2006年儿童氟斑牙患病率从69.68%下降到45.18%;其中泗阳县下降幅度最大,下降了53.06%。结论:采用降氟改水措施后,虽然宿迁市儿童氟斑牙患病率下降较大,但依然维持在较高水平。原因可能有:水氟回升,其他摄氟途径以及氟斑牙统计指标的选择等。
Objective: To understand the operation and effect of fluoride reduction and water diversion project in Suqian City, and provide references for the formulation of prevention and control strategies for endemic fluorosis. Methods: A special questionnaire was designed to investigate the operation of the water diversion project. The results of water fluoride monitoring of the water diversion project from 2003 to 2005 were analyzed. From 2005 to 2006, the prevalence of dental fluorosis in the ward villages was surveyed. Results: There are 788 ward villages in the city and 612 water diversions have been completed, of which 584 are normal water supply, accounting for 74.11%. From 2002 to 2005, the water fluoride monitoring results of the water diversion project showed that the exceeding rate of water fluorine increased year by year. In 2005, the exceeding standard rate of water fluorine reached 17.58% and the highest fluorine content was 3.25 mg / L. Compared with 2002, the over-standard rates of water samples in 2004 and 2005 all increased, with statistical significance (χ2 = 5.33 and 5.46, P <0.05). Compared with the survey from 1983 to 1985, the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis in children from 2005 to 2006 decreased from 69.68% to 45.18%, of which Siyang County, the largest decline, down 53.06%. CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of dental fluorosis decreased significantly in children in Suqian City after adopting fluoride-lowering and water-reducing measures, the prevalence of dental fluorosis in Suqian City still maintained a relatively high level. The reasons may include: water fluoride rise, other fluoride intake and fluoride dental statistics and other indicators of choice.