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丝素蛋白独特的氨基酸组成和空间结构,使其成为一种具有良好生物相容性和可降解性的生物材料,采用高压静电纺丝技术制备的丝素纳米纤维与丝素复合纳米纤维更是赋予了丝素纤维在生物医学材料领域更为良好的应用性能.本文系统介绍了近年来静电纺丝素纳米纤维及丝素复合纳米纤维在生物医学材料(包括骨组织工程材料,软骨、伤口、神经和血管修复材料,药物缓释材料等)领域的应用及改性研究进展,在此基础上简要展望了静电纺丝素纳米纤维研究需要创新的重点课题.“,”The unique amino acid composition and spatial structure of silk fibroin make it an excellent biomaterial with perfect biocompatibility and biodegradability.Silk fibroin nanofibers and composite fibroin nanofibers prepared via high voltage electrostatic spinning technology are conferred further superior property for application as biomedical materials.This review systematically introduces advances in application and modification of the electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers and composite fibroin nanofibers in bone tissue engineering,in repair of cartilage,wound,nerve and blood vessel,and in controlled release of drugs in recent years,based on which key innovations for future development of electrospun silk fibroin nanofiber materials are briefly discussed.