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为了在淮北砂姜黑土区推广小麦玉米秸秆全量还田技术,采用大田定位试验,设置小麦玉米秸秆不还田、小麦玉米秸秆单季还田和小麦玉米秸秆两季还田4种秸秆还田方式,研究了小麦、玉米秸秆全量粉碎还田对机播夏玉米出苗、生育、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:小麦玉米秸秆两季还田处理2008和2009年玉米出苗数分别比对照高3.25%和11.98%;出苗均匀度、株高整齐度、幼苗素质和耕层土壤含水率均高于对照,最终2008和2009年玉米产量分别较对照提高了7.92%、9.51%,土壤水分利用效率分别提高了8.15%、9.48%。可见,砂姜黑土区小麦玉米秸秆两季全量还田有利于玉米生长发育,提高籽粒产量。
In order to popularize the technology of returning wheat straw to the soil in the area of Huaibei Shajiang black soil, field positioning experiment was used to set up wheat straw without returning wheat, wheat straw with single crop returning to wheat field and wheat straw returning to field with straw returning in two seasons The effects of wheat straw and corn straw mulching on the emergence, growth, yield and water use efficiency of maize sowing were studied. The results showed that the emergence rate of maize corn stalks in two seasons was 3.25% and 11.98% higher than that of the control in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The emergence uniformity, plant height uniformity, seedling quality and topsoil moisture content were higher than those of the control. The final maize production in 2008 and 2009 increased by 7.92% and 9.51% respectively compared with the control, and the soil water use efficiency increased by 8.15% and 9.48% respectively. Can be seen, Shajiang black soil corn stalks full return to the wheat field in two seasons is conducive to the growth and development of corn, improve grain yield.