目的　采用扩增片段长度多态性DNA(AFLP)分子遗传标志技术 ,分析人参、西洋参基因组DNA多态性。方法　人参、西洋参干燥根基因组DNA ,经EcoRI/MseI酶切并与其相应的人工接头连接后 ,使用选择性引物进行PCR扩增。结果　经变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测 ,成功构建出多态性丰富和重复性好的人参、西洋参DNA指纹图谱。结论　AFLP法有望成为一种独立的切实可行的手段 ,将在人参、西洋参等药用植物的鉴定、生物进化、系统发育研究及指导道地性药材的科学栽培等方面发挥重要作用。 Objective To analyze the genomic DNA polymorphism of Panax quinquefolium and American ginseng using amplified fragment length polymorphism DNA (AFLP) molecular genetic markers. Methods Genomic DNA of dry roots of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium was digested with EcoRI/MseI and ligated with its corresponding artificial linker. PCR was performed using selective primers. Results The DNA fingerprints of Ginseng and American Ginseng were successfully constructed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Conclusion The AFLP method is expected to become an independent and practical tool, which will play an important role in the identification, biological evolution, phylogenetic study of medicinal plants such as ginseng and American ginseng, and scientific cultivation of authentic medicinal materials.