“实验设计”是为实验研究做的周密计划。是在进行生物学实验前,实验者根据一定的目的和要求,运用生物学的知识和原理,对实验过程中的材料、方法、步骤等全部方案的制定。一、设计和完成实验的基本方法解答有关实验设计题前要弄清的问题主要有如下几个方面:①实验目的是什么?是验证性实验还是探究性实验?②是定性实验还是定量实验?③自变量、因变量、因变量的体现指标分别是什么?④如何设计实验组与对照组?⑤要求预测实验结果还是实验结论?从解题技巧的角度来看,总体上可以分以下几步进行:了解题目要求→明确实验目的→分析实验原理→确定实验思路→设计实验步骤→预期结果与分析。 “Experimental Design ” is a well-planned program for experimental research. Before conducting a biological experiment, the experimenter, according to certain purposes and requirements, uses biological knowledge and principles to formulate all the plans for the materials, methods and steps in the experiment. First, the basic method to design and complete the experiment To answer questions about the experimental design to be clarified are the following aspects: ① What is the purpose of the experiment? Is a confirmatory experiment or inquiry experiment? ② qualitative experiment or quantitative experiment? ③ independent variables, dependent variables, dependent variables reflect the indicators are what? ④ how to design the experimental group and the control group? ⑤ request to predict the experimental results or experimental conclusions? From the problem-solving skills point of view, the overall points can be divided into the following steps Proceedings: Understand the requirements of the topic → Define the purpose of the experiment → Analyze the experimental principle → Determine the experimental train of thought → Design the experimental procedure → Expected results and analysis.