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目的了解江西省农村垃圾和污水处置现状及变化趋势,评价农村环境卫生状况。方法 2012、2013连续2年选取相同的28个县(市、区),每个县采用按比例分层随机抽样方法,抽取5个乡镇、20个村,按照统一的调查表进行调查。结果江西省垃圾和污水处理设施不足,垃圾处理厂、污水处理厂覆盖人口占总人口的比例分别为24.88%、20.31%。均以覆盖县城城区人口为主,分别占覆盖人口的58.92%、88.28%。农村生活垃圾的收集方式以定点堆放为主,占49.02%。处理方式以焚烧、填埋为主,分别占51.78%、29.64%。生产性垃圾中工业垃圾以焚烧、填埋为主,分别占35.00%、34.00%;养殖业垃圾以再利用、高温堆肥为主,分别占52.00%、35.50%。生活污水以随意排放为主,占50.62%。以排往河流、坑塘为主,分别占38.12%、31.78%。生产性污水中工业污水和养殖业污水均以直接排放为主,分别占68.13%、76.37%。结论江西省农村地区垃圾和污水大部分未能进行有效处理,环境卫生状况有待进一步改善。
Objective To understand the current situation and trend of rural garbage and sewage disposal in Jiangxi Province and evaluate the situation of rural environmental sanitation. Methods In 2012 and 2013, the same 28 counties (cities and districts) were selected for two years in a row. Each county used five sampling methods: stratified random sampling and 5 townships and 20 villages. The survey was conducted according to a unified questionnaire. Results There was not enough garbage and sewage treatment facilities in Jiangxi Province. The proportion of the population covered by the garbage treatment plants and sewage treatment plants was 24.88% and 20.31% respectively. They are mainly covering the urban population in the county seat, accounting for 58.92% and 88.28% of the population respectively. Collection of rural living garbage to the main point of stacking, accounting for 49.02%. The treatment methods mainly include incineration and landfilling, accounting for 51.78% and 29.64% respectively. Industrial waste was mainly incineration and landfill in the productive garbage, accounting for 35.00% and 34.00% respectively. Recycled livestock wastes and high-temperature composting accounted for 52.00% and 35.50% respectively. Domestic sewage is mainly discharged randomly, accounting for 50.62%. In order to discharge to rivers, pit ponds, respectively, accounting for 38.12%, 31.78%. The industrial wastewater and aquaculture wastewater in productive sewerage are mainly discharged directly, accounting for 68.13% and 76.37% respectively. Conclusion Most of the garbage and sewage in rural areas of Jiangxi Province failed to be effectively treated, and the environmental health conditions need to be further improved.