一、引言: 近年来,人们对免疫学机制在肺脏疾病发病机制中的作用发生了很大的兴趣。基础研究使人们对肺脏免疫系统的各种成份有了进一步了解,并在一定程度上确定了能够在肺脏发生免疫反应的性质。但目前证明免疫机制只在少数肺脏疾病的发病机制中起重要作用。本文只讨论免疫机制在弥漫性肺实质疾病发病学中的作用,至于免疫机制在气道和局部肺实质疾病发病中的作用除外。在肺出血——肾炎综合症、全身性红斑狼疮、外源性变应性肺泡炎,都有充分的证据表明免疫机制对弥漫性肺泡壁损伤的产生起着重要作用。此外,很 I. Introduction: In recent years, great interest has been made in the role of immunological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. Basic research has led to a better understanding of the various components of the lung’s immune system and to a certain extent the nature of an immune response that can occur in the lungs. However, it has been demonstrated that the immune mechanism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of a few lung diseases. This article discusses only the role of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diffuse pulmonary parenchymal disease, with the exception of the role of the immune mechanism in the pathogenesis of airway and local pulmonary parenchymal diseases. In pulmonary hemorrhagic nephritis syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, extrinsic alveolar inflammation, there is sufficient evidence that immune mechanisms play an important role in the production of diffuse alveolar wall injury. In addition, very