一、概述焊接工艺在工业生产中扮演着重要的角色,特别是在汽车、船舶和航天航空工业中。焊接工艺在具有众多优点的同时,也存在一些缺点,例如,冶金过程中伴随金相转变导致的热膨胀和收缩、内应力和结构的扭曲与变形。这些问题都必须得到很好地控制,尽量减少其影响。从仿真的角度 I. Overview Welding processes play an important role in industrial production, especially in the automotive, marine and aerospace industries. The welding process has many advantages as well as some shortcomings. For example, the thermal expansion and contraction accompanied by metallurgical transformation in the metallurgical process, the distortion and deformation of internal stress and structure. These issues must all be well controlled and their impact minimized. From the simulation point of view