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背景研究表明,同理心在医患交流中是一项重要而有效的因素。全科医生在行医过程中会经历丰富的同理心体验。然而,日常行医时,全科医生如何看待同理心的含义和应用却鲜为人知。目的研究全科医生在日常行医时对同理心的体验和应用,探讨如何对同理心进行实际应用,并描述了先决条件、障碍和促进方法。方法本研究为定性研究。于2012年6月—2013年1月,选取荷兰家庭医生作为研究对象,进行30次深度采访,对采访进行录音,并进行逐字记录,利用ATLAS-ti软件对采访内容进行专业定性数据分析。结果在医患咨询过程中,同理心是一项重要因素,能够提高咨询质量。本研究描述了语言和非语言技巧的应用,并专门对以往医患咨询的提示与参考进行回顾。同理心的先决条件包括身心健康、无时间压力和高效的实践组织。而同理心的障碍因素包括感到与病人无关和严格的行医守则。本研究发现,同理心对医生工作满意度起到积极影响。结论全科医生的看法是对此类研究的一个强化和补充。全科医生在采访中特别提出了如何增进同理心,包括延长咨询时间、缩小行医规模、助理通过电话进行疾病分类、使用电视联播网对工作进行反思,以及吸引投资者对同理心有效性的关注。
Background studies show that empathy is an important and effective factor in the exchange of doctors and patients. General practitioners experience a wealth of empathy during their practice. However, it is poorly known how general practitioners view the meaning and application of empathy during routine practice. Objective To study general practitioners’ experience and application of empathy during their daily practice and to explore how to apply empathy to reality and to describe preconditions, obstacles and methods of promotion. Methods This study is a qualitative study. From June 2012 to January 2013, Dutch family doctors were selected as research subjects, 30 in-depth interviews were conducted, audio recordings were made and verbatim records were recorded. ATLAS-ti software was used to conduct professional qualitative data analysis on the interviews. Results Consultative process in doctors and patients, empathy is an important factor, can improve the quality of counseling. This study describes the use of linguistic and nonverbal skills and reviews past hints and references from physician-patient consultations. Preconditions for empathy include physical and mental well-being, time-pressured and efficient practice organizations. Disconsidering factors of empathy include feelings of being patient-independent and strict codes of practice. This study found empathy has a positive impact on job satisfaction of doctors. Conclusion The generalist’s opinion is an enhancement and complement to such research. In particular, GPs raised the issue of empathy in the interview, including extending counseling hours, reducing the size of practicing doctors, assisting doctors in classifying diseases by telephone, using television networks to reflect on their work and attracting investors’ empathy for empathy s concern.