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为深入研究儿童胸部骨骼损伤机制,考察正面碰撞下校车3点式安全带约束系统对儿童乘员的保护效果,采用带胸部生物力学模型的6岁儿童人体模型与已验证校车正碰工况模型,分析碰撞过程中安全带肩带作用下胸部骨骼的动态响应。在胸部中心区域选取局部参考点,计算不同外载加速度下各参考点内外侧产生的应力应变,对比分析其曲线形态、峰值大小、内外侧差异以及随外载荷变化率。结果表明:胸骨与肋骨前端应力应变明显大于其他损伤部位,且内侧大于外侧;肋骨前端应变峰值在外载加速度较大时超过失效阈值,是该工况下骨折危险区域;肋骨腔侧面内侧危险程度其次,肋骨腔侧后方受力较小。
In order to further study the mechanism of chest thoracic injury in children and investigate the protective effect of the three-point seat belt restraint system on children’s occupants under frontal impact, the model of 6-year-old child with thoracic biomechanical model and the validated school bus collision mode were studied. Dynamic response of thorax bones under the belt strap during collision was analyzed. Local reference points are selected in the central region of the chest to calculate the stress and strain occurring inside and outside each reference point under different external accelerations. The curve shape, peak value, difference between the inside and outside and the rate of change with the external load are analyzed. The results show that the stress and strain at the anterior and posterior sides of the sternum and ribs are significantly greater than those at other injury sites, and the medial is greater than the lateral. The peak strain of the anterior and posterior ribs of the rib exceeds the failure threshold when the acceleration at external load is high, , The rib cavity laterally less stress.