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根据2010~2011年莱州湾渔业水域春季、夏季和秋季共6个航次的调查资料,调查分析了该水域游泳动物的种类组成,计算分析了游泳动物群落特征的年度和季节变化,包括相对重要性指数(IRI)、Margalef物种丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数(H’)、Pielou物种均匀度指数(J)、鱼类群落季节更替指数(AI)、迁移指数(MI);并利用数量生物量比较曲线(ABC曲线)评价游泳群落受干扰程度,利用扫海面积法估算游泳动物资源密度。结果表明,调查共捕获游泳动物99种,其中鱼类55种,甲壳类40种,头足类4种;优势种分析表明虾虎鱼和枪乌贼类成为主要捕捞物种,优势种正逐步演变为更为小型化的中上层鱼类和无脊椎动物,虾蟹类和头足类的比例进一步提高。多样性分析表明,各类生物多样性指数变化不大,季节更替和迁移指数仅在2010年春季相对变化较大;ABC曲线分析表明,游泳动物群落正处于严重干扰;游泳动物资源密度均值在重量和数量上分别达到635.9 kg·hm-2和43.8×103ind·hm-2,资源情况有所改善,但渔获物小型化、低质化现象明显。综合来看,调查水域游泳动物优势种变化较大,资源继续向小型化中上层鱼类方向演变,且群落受到干扰较为严重。研究结果可为系统开展莱州湾海洋生物恢复和生态修复工作与研究提供基础信息。
Based on the survey data of 6 voyages in spring, summer and autumn in 2010 in Laizhou Bay, the species composition of swimming animals in this area was investigated and analyzed. Annual and seasonal variations in the characteristics of swimming animals were calculated and analyzed, including the relative importance (IRI), Margalef species richness index (D), Shannon-Wiener species diversity index (H ’), Pielou species evenness index (J), fish community seasonal index (AI), migration index (MI) ; And quantitative comparison of biomass curves (ABC curve) to evaluate the degree of interference by the swimming community, using the sea area method to estimate the swimming animal resource density. The results showed that a total of 99 species of swimming animals were captured, of which 55 species were fish, 40 species were crustaceans and 4 were cephalopods. Analysis of dominant species showed that goby and calamari were the main fishing species and the dominant species were gradually evolving into The proportion of more miniature pelagic and invertebrate, shrimp, crab and cephalopod is further increased. Diversity analysis showed that the diversity indices of all kinds of species did not change much, and the seasonal alternation and migration index changed relatively only in the spring of 2010; ABC curve analysis showed that the swimming animal community was in serious disturbance; And the quantity reached 635.9 kg · hm-2 and 43.8 × 103ind · hm-2, respectively, with some improvement in resources, but the phenomenon of miniaturization and low quality of catch was obvious. Taken together, the predominant species of swimming animals in the surveyed waters changed greatly, and the resources continued to evolve toward the mini-pelagic upper-class fish and the communities were more seriously disturbed. The results of this study can provide basic information for systematic work on marine life restoration and ecological restoration in Laizhou Bay.