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建筑按使用功能可分为工业建筑和民用建筑(包括公共建筑),钢结构在建筑上的应用也分为工业钢结构建筑和民用钢结构建筑。钢结构是用钢材制造而成的工程结构。与钢筋混凝土结构和砌体结构相比,钢结构有如下特点:优点:1)可靠性好;2)轻质高强;3)塑性和韧性好:4)工业化程度高;5)可循环利用。缺点:1)钢材的耐锈蚀性差;2)钢材耐火性差;3)钢材低温时脆性增大;4)钢结构的构件存在稳定性问题。因此在选用钢结构时,要充分利用其优点,避免其缺点,作到扬长避短,合理利用。在建筑工程中,钢结构较多用于如下结构:1)大跨度结构;2)高层建筑;3)工业建筑;4)轻型结构;5)高耸结构;6)可拆卸或移动的结构。
The use of buildings by function can be divided into industrial buildings and civil buildings (including public buildings), the application of steel structures in the construction is also divided into industrial steel structures and civil steel structures. Steel structure is made of steel engineering structure. Compared with reinforced concrete structures and masonry structures, steel structures have the following characteristics: Advantages: 1) good reliability; 2) light and high strength; 3) good ductility and toughness: 4) high degree of industrialization; 5) recyclable. Disadvantages: 1) Poor corrosion resistance of steel; 2) Poor fire resistance of steel; 3) Increased brittleness of steel at low temperature; 4) Stability problems of steel structure components. Therefore, the selection of steel structure, we must make full use of its advantages, to avoid its shortcomings, to avoid weaknesses, rational use. In construction, steel structures are more used in the following structures: 1) large-span structures; 2) high-rise buildings; 3) industrial buildings; 4) light structures; 5) towering structures; 6) removable or mobile structures.