引言明流的自动掺气是一自然现象。掺气发生时,空气吸进水内与水混合形成白色的、猛烈搅动的极不稳定的自由表面。这种现象只会发生在高速水流,常可在溢洪道中看到。由于空气掺入,水流体积膨大,这就要求建筑物有较高的边墙。设计溢洪道时,由于有关掺气影响的资料缺乏,只能先按清水设计,然后加上一个偏于安全的数值,以容纳因掺气加大了的体积。对于通过溢洪道的水流,一些观测者已经证实,自动掺气不会发生在陡坡上紊流边界层 Introduction The automatic aeration of Ming Liu is a natural phenomenon. When aeration occurs, the air is drawn into water and mixed with water to form a white, violently agitated, highly unstable, free surface. This phenomenon occurs only in high-speed water flow, often seen in the spillway. Due to air entrapment, the volume of water flow enlarges, which requires that buildings have high side walls. When designing a spillway, due to the lack of information on the effects of aeration, the design of the spillway should only be performed first with clean water and then with a safety-relevant value to accommodate the increased volume due to aeration. For the flow of water through the spillway, some observers have confirmed that auto-aeration does not occur on turbulent boundary layers on steep slopes