一、集散系统的发展概述近年来,由于微型计算机广泛地应用于工业过程自动控制,产生了以微型计算机为基础的集中分散型综合控制系统,简称“集散系统”,近来也有命名为“分散型控制系统”.这两种名词其含义是相似的。为了了解集散系统的发展过程,回顾一下自动控制发展的历史是有好处的。早在二次世界大战以前,大多数的自动控制都是真正分散的.那时,处于仪表发展的初级阶段,只有简单的机械式调节器,通常都是直接安装在被调节的对象之上,例如,流量调节器就直接安装 I. Overview of the Development of Distributed Systems In recent years, microcomputers have been widely used in industrial process automation to produce microcomputer-based centralized and decentralized integrated control systems (referred to as “distributed systems” for short), and recently also named “decentralized Control system. ”The two terms have similar meanings. In order to understand the development of distributed systems, it is good to review the history of the development of automatic control. As early as World War II, most of the automatic controls were truly decentralized, and in the early stages of instrument development there was only a simple mechanical regulator, usually mounted directly on the subject being tuned, For example, flow regulators are installed directly