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目的研究新疆和田地区老年急诊疾病谱的特点,为合理利用医疗资源提供依据。方法选择新疆和田地区人民医院急诊室登记的2010年1月1日～12月31日的老年(60岁以上)患者983例。采用SPSS17.0统计软件对患者的年龄、性别、民族、职业、疾病诊断等进行数据整理分析,了解不同年龄段、不同民族、不同性别及农民与城区居民急诊疾病构成的差异。结果 983例老年患者中,维吾尔族患者887例(90.2%),其中男483例,女404例;汉族96例(9.8%),其中男54例,女42例。农民618例(62.9%),城区居民365例(37.1%)。(1)急诊病因按系统依次为心血管急症(34.8%),神经系统急症(26.0%),呼吸系统急症(22.7%),消化系统急症(7.1%)。心脑血管及呼吸系统急症占83.2%。(2)随年龄增长,呼吸系统急症比例增加。与该地区汉族老年患者比较,维吾尔族老年患者神经系统急症与呼吸系统急症所占比例高;维吾尔族男性和女性以及汉族男性呼吸系统急症均较高,维吾尔族男性和女性略高于汉族男性,明显高于汉族女性,但差异无统计学意义。农民老年患者脑血管急症的比例明显高于城区老年患者(P=0.001),城区居民心血管急症略高于农民,呼吸系统急症比例相近。出血性卒中高于缺血性卒中,出血性与缺血性比约为1.5:1。结论应针对该地区心脑血管及呼吸系统急症发病率高,采取有效措施提高急诊救治水平,同时进一步提高该地区,尤其是边远农村高血压的知晓率和控制率。
Objective To study the characteristics of elderly emergency disease spectrum in Hotan, Xinjiang, and to provide the basis for rational utilization of medical resources. Methods A total of 983 elderly patients (60 years and older) were enrolled in the Emergency Department of People’s Hospital of Hotan, Xinjiang from January 1 to December 31, 2010. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data of patients’ age, gender, ethnicity, occupation, disease diagnosis and so on to understand the differences of emergent diseases in different age groups, ethnic groups, genders and urban residents. Results Among 983 elderly patients, 887 (90.2%) were Uighur patients, including 483 males and 404 females; 96 Han (96%), including 54 males and 42 females. 618 farmers (62.9%) and 365 urban residents (37.1%). (1) The cause of emergency was followed by cardiovascular emergency (34.8%), nervous system emergency (26.0%), respiratory emergency (22.7%) and digestive emergency (7.1%). Cardiovascular and respiratory emergency accounted for 83.2%. (2) With age, the proportion of acute respiratory diseases increased. Compared with elderly Han patients in the region, the proportion of acute and respiratory emergencies in elderly Uighur elderly patients was high. Uyghur men and women and Han nationals had higher respiratory emergencies, while Uighur men and women were slightly higher than Han nationality men, Significantly higher than Han women, but the difference was not statistically significant. The proportion of elderly patients with acute cerebrovascular disease was significantly higher than that of urban elderly patients (P = 0.001). The urban cardiovascular emergency was slightly higher than that of peasants and the proportion of respiratory emergency was similar. Hemorrhagic stroke is higher than ischemic stroke with a hemorrhagic to ischemic ratio of about 1.5: 1. Conclusions Aiming at the high incidence of cardiovascular and respiratory emergencies in this area, effective measures should be taken to improve the emergency treatment level and at the same time to further raise the awareness rate and control rate of hypertension in this area, especially in remote rural areas.