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在甘肃河西内陆灌区的制种玉米(Zea mays)田内,采用室内盆栽和田间试验方法,筛选了多功能专用肥配方,评价了其对土壤理化性质和玉米增产效果的关系。结果表明,多功能专用肥最佳组合比例为聚乙烯醇30kg、保水剂30kg、(NH4)2HPO4420kg、ZnSO4.7H2O 52kg、CO(NH2)2 736kg和糠醛渣225kg。多功能专用肥与传统化肥功效比较,土壤总孔隙度、团聚体、自然含水量、蓄水量、有机质分别增加了1.50%、1.29%、1.02%、16.60m3.hm-2和0.44g.kg-1,土壤容重、pH值分别降低了0.04g.cm-3和0.06;制种玉米幼苗生长速度、地上部分干质量分别增加了0.73mm.d-1和0.80g.株-1,穗粒数、穗粒质量、百粒重、产量分别增加了12.68粒、33.96g、0.20g和311.63kg.hm-2;增产值、施肥利润分别增加了1 558和517元.hm-2。本研究表明,多功能专用肥的施用可改善土壤的理化性状,增加玉米的产量。
In potted corn (Zea mays) field in the inland irrigation area of Hexi, Gansu, potted plants and field experiments were conducted to screen the formula of multifunctional special fertilizers, and the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties and corn yield was evaluated. The results showed that the optimum proportion of multifunctional specialty fertilizer was 30kg polyvinyl alcohol, 30kg water retaining agent, 4420kg (NH4) 2HPO, 52kg ZnSO4.7H2O, 736kg CO (NH2) 2 and 225kg furfural residue. Compared with the effect of traditional fertilizers, the total special porosity, aggregate, natural water content, water storage capacity and organic matter of multifunctional special fertilizer increased 1.50%, 1.29%, 1.02%, 16.60m3.hm-2 and 0.44g.kg -1, soil bulk density and pH decreased by 0.04g.cm-3 and 0.06, respectively. The growth rate of corn seedling and the above-ground dry weight increased by 0.73mm.d-1 and 0.80g, respectively. Grain yield, grain weight, grain weight and grain yield increased by 12.68 grain, 33.96g, 0.20g and 311.63kg.hm-2, respectively. The increase in yield and fertilization increased by 1 558 and 517 yuan, respectively. This study shows that the application of multi-purpose fertilizer can improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase corn yield.