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探讨trnL-trnF序列的相似度、特异位点、遗传距离和系统发育树这4个分子鉴定指标对人参和西洋参药材的鉴定能力,优化人参和西洋参分子鉴定指标。从人参和西洋参药材中提取DNA,以trnL-trnF通用引物进行扩增测序,利用NCBI数据库中的BLAST功能计算相似度,利用DNAman软件比较特异位点,利用Mega软件计算遗传距离,构建系统发育树。结果表明,人参和西洋参的种内相似度均为100%,种间相似度为99.6%;人参和西洋参分别在G153A,T463A,C732G,T818C有特异位点;种内遗传距离(0)小于种间遗传距离(0.004);系统发育树中人参和西洋参均分为2个单系分支。因此,利用trnL-trnF序列,相似度、特异位点、遗传距离和系统发育树指标均可以区分人参和西洋参。综合分析,trnL-trnF序列的G153A,T463A,C732G,T818C特异位点指标是人参和西洋参的最佳鉴定指标。
To explore the similarity, specificity, genetic distance and phylogenetic tree trnL-trnF sequence of these four molecular identification of ginseng and American ginseng identification of medicinal herbs to optimize ginseng and ginseng molecular identification indicators. DNA was extracted from Panax ginseng and Panax ginseng, amplified with universal primers trnL-trnF, the similarity was calculated by BLAST function in NCBI database, the specific sites were compared using DNAman software, and the genetic distance was calculated using Mega software to construct phylogenetic tree . The results showed that the intraspecies similarity of Ginseng and Panax quinquefolius was 100%, and the similarity between the two species was 99.6%. The G153A, T463A, C732G and T818C Ginseng and Panax quinquefolium L. (0.004). Both the ginseng and American ginseng in phylogenetic tree were divided into two single-line branches. Therefore, the use of trnL-trnF sequence, similarity, specific loci, genetic distance and phylogenetic tree indicators can distinguish between ginseng and American ginseng. Totally, G153A, T463A, C732G and T818C specific loci of trnL-trnF were the best identification indexes of ginseng and American ginseng.