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一、虚拟语气的三种最基本的用法
1.与现在事实相反,if引导的条件状语从句中动词时态用一般过去时(be为were),主句中的would/could/should/might 动词原形。
2.与过去事实相反,if从句中用动词的过去完成时。主句中用would/could/should/might have 过去分词。
3.与将来事实相反,if从句中用(1)动词的一般过去时;(2)were to 动词原形;(3)should 动词原形。主句中用would/could/should/might 动词原形。如:If I had money, I would buy a car.(与现在事实相反。)If you had come earlier ,you could have met him,(与过去事实相反)。If it were to snow tomorrow ,the crops would be saved.( 与将来事实相反)。
二、虚拟语气的特殊用法的一些总结
⒈if it be not for...如果不是……主句中用虚拟语气。
If it were not for the guidance of the party committee, we should/would fail.
If it had not been for the help of our teacher, we should not have made so much progress.
If it were not for the collective strength(集体的力量),it would not have been possible for us to live so well.
If it had not been for me,you would not be free.
2.虚拟语气中条件句可以省略if,而把were,had或should移至主句之前,但如果从句中没有were,had或should,则不能。如:
Should it happen ,what would you do?
Were I you ,I would go .
Had he recognized me, he would have come over.
3.在insist,order ,command ,suggest,advise ,propose ,recommend , ask,demand,require ,request引导的宾语从句中,要用虚拟语气。
She insisted that she(should) go alone.
The chairman proposed that we (should) put the match off.
The order came that it(should) be started at once.
It is ordered that we(should) arrive there before ten o’clock.
⒋下面两种句型只用虚拟语气
(1)It is time that clause ,主语从句中表示一种建议,从句的谓语动词用过去时,或should 动词原形,意思是“该干某事的时候了”,但“should”不可省略。
It’s time we went /should go to bed.
It’s (high) time we did/should do our homework.
(2)would rather that sb did sth
I would rather you went to that party instead of me.
I would rather he did shopping for me.
5.在带without的介词短语的句子中.
Without water ,there would be no living things.
I could nothavelivedthroughChristmaswithout giving youapresent.
6.用在so that,in order that引导的目的状语从句中。
She spoke in a loud voice so that everyone could/might hear her clearly.
He got up early in order that he could /might catch the early bus.
7.用在as if ,as though 引导的非真实情况的句子中。
She felt as if she were going to die .
They were talking as if they were friends .
She speaks to me as if I were a kid .
8.在wish后的宾语从句中。
I wish that I had lots of money .
I wish that I would fly to the moon in a spaceship one day .
I wish that I would had passed the English exam .
9.It is important /necessary / natural ...that sb should do sth.
It is a pity / a shame /no wonder ...that sb should do sth .
It is suggested that we should finish the project by next month .
It is a great pity that he should be so careless.
10.otherwise 之后的从句中,可用虚拟语气。
Give me ten million dollars ,otherwise I would burn your house down .
He isn’there ,otherwise I would give him a present.
作者单位:甘肃省兰州市第二十三中学
1.与现在事实相反,if引导的条件状语从句中动词时态用一般过去时(be为were),主句中的would/could/should/might 动词原形。
2.与过去事实相反,if从句中用动词的过去完成时。主句中用would/could/should/might have 过去分词。
3.与将来事实相反,if从句中用(1)动词的一般过去时;(2)were to 动词原形;(3)should 动词原形。主句中用would/could/should/might 动词原形。如:If I had money, I would buy a car.(与现在事实相反。)If you had come earlier ,you could have met him,(与过去事实相反)。If it were to snow tomorrow ,the crops would be saved.( 与将来事实相反)。
二、虚拟语气的特殊用法的一些总结
⒈if it be not for...如果不是……主句中用虚拟语气。
If it were not for the guidance of the party committee, we should/would fail.
If it had not been for the help of our teacher, we should not have made so much progress.
If it were not for the collective strength(集体的力量),it would not have been possible for us to live so well.
If it had not been for me,you would not be free.
2.虚拟语气中条件句可以省略if,而把were,had或should移至主句之前,但如果从句中没有were,had或should,则不能。如:
Should it happen ,what would you do?
Were I you ,I would go .
Had he recognized me, he would have come over.
3.在insist,order ,command ,suggest,advise ,propose ,recommend , ask,demand,require ,request引导的宾语从句中,要用虚拟语气。
She insisted that she(should) go alone.
The chairman proposed that we (should) put the match off.
The order came that it(should) be started at once.
It is ordered that we(should) arrive there before ten o’clock.
⒋下面两种句型只用虚拟语气
(1)It is time that clause ,主语从句中表示一种建议,从句的谓语动词用过去时,或should 动词原形,意思是“该干某事的时候了”,但“should”不可省略。
It’s time we went /should go to bed.
It’s (high) time we did/should do our homework.
(2)would rather that sb did sth
I would rather you went to that party instead of me.
I would rather he did shopping for me.
5.在带without的介词短语的句子中.
Without water ,there would be no living things.
I could nothavelivedthroughChristmaswithout giving youapresent.
6.用在so that,in order that引导的目的状语从句中。
She spoke in a loud voice so that everyone could/might hear her clearly.
He got up early in order that he could /might catch the early bus.
7.用在as if ,as though 引导的非真实情况的句子中。
She felt as if she were going to die .
They were talking as if they were friends .
She speaks to me as if I were a kid .
8.在wish后的宾语从句中。
I wish that I had lots of money .
I wish that I would fly to the moon in a spaceship one day .
I wish that I would had passed the English exam .
9.It is important /necessary / natural ...that sb should do sth.
It is a pity / a shame /no wonder ...that sb should do sth .
It is suggested that we should finish the project by next month .
It is a great pity that he should be so careless.
10.otherwise 之后的从句中,可用虚拟语气。
Give me ten million dollars ,otherwise I would burn your house down .
He isn’there ,otherwise I would give him a present.
作者单位:甘肃省兰州市第二十三中学