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阅读理解是中考英语中的重头戏，而主旨大意是每年必考的题型，属于重点和难点题目，是能力拔高之处。此类题考查学生在理解全文的基础上综合运用概括、判断、归纳和总结等逻辑思维的能力。考试能否做对这类题是阅读理解得高分以及与其他考生拉开差距的关键。本文主要和同学们一起探讨这类题的答题技巧。
主旨大意题的设题形式要么以问句的方式，如：What is the passage mainly about？ 要么以填空的形式，如：The passage is mainly about ______. 主旨大意题，揭示的是作者的写作目的，即是为什么要写这篇文章。这是答题的要旨所在。
一、记叙文的主旨大意题
如果文章是记叙文，那就要理解作者为什么要记述这件事，作者不是为了写事而写事，而是通过事情的记述表达一定的情感（爱，憎，喜，怒，哀，乐等）。例如2012年武汉市英语中考试题阅读理解题的A篇就是一篇记叙文。
One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting. I was looking forward to a quiet view of the art works.
A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me chatted nonstop between themselves. I watched them a moment and decided the wife was doing all the talk. I admired the husband’s patience for putting up with her continuous talk. Distracted by their noise， I moved on.
I met with them several times as I moved through the different rooms of art. Each time I heard her constant burst of words， I moved away quickly.
I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couple came near to the exit. Before they left， the man reached into his pocket and pulled out a white object. He extended it into a long stick and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife’s jacket.
“He’s a brave man，” the clerk at the counter said， “Most of us would give up if we were
blinded at such a young age. During his recovery he made a promise that his life wouldn’t change. So， as before， he and his wife come in whenever there’s a new art show.”
“But what dose he get out of the art？” I asked， “He can’t see.”
“Can’t see？ You’re wrong. He sees a lot. More than you or I do.” The clerk said， “His wife describes each painting so he can see it in his head.”
I learned something about patience， courage and love that day. I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life. And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.
（ ）60. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. the importance of art B. good manners in public
C. patience of a husband D. love between a couple
本文讲述了作者在一次参观艺术博物馆时，遇到一对特别的夫妇。在看艺术展时，妻子在不厌其烦地给身边的丈夫讲解每一件作品。这一举动，作者甚是不解。通过他人的介绍，才知道丈夫是个盲人。是什么力量让丈夫能幸福地享受到每一次艺术展，是妻子对他的爱。这才是作者写这篇文章的目的。因此本题答案为D。
二、说明文的主旨大意题
如果是说明文，作者写作的目的显然是为了向读者介绍一件产品或一个工具的用法等。例如2012年湖北黄冈市的中考题阅读理解题的第一篇就是一篇说明文。 It’s reported that a company called Microchips has developed a wirelessly controlled device （装置）. The device is put under the skin and can supply a drug directly into the patient’s body. People give the name “microchips” to it.
Microchips bring good news to patients with long-term （长期的） illnesses， for example， Osteoporosis （骨质疏松症）. People with Osteoporosis have to get daily injections （注射） of medicine. One type of treatment requires injections for two years. Many patients stop taking the medicine because of the pain and stress of the infections. However， microchips can deal with it. Doctors will program the device before putting it under the skin， and the device has the ability to release （释放） a dose （计量） at a given time， every single day. One microchip can hold a full year’s worth of medicine.
Microchips may one day free people from having to remember to take their medicine， or get injections. The device may also be useful in treating other long-term diseases， including heart disease， cancer and even AIDS.
（ ）67. What is the passage mainly about？
A. It introduces the company Microchips.
B. It introduces a new wirelessly controlled device called “microchips”.
C. It introduces some common long-term diseases.
D. It’s about how the device called “microchips” works.
这是一篇说明文，它向我们介绍了一种治疗骨质疏松症的仪器，它的名字叫做“microchips”，这种仪器克服了传统药物治疗的弊端，给骨质疏松症患者带来了福音。因此本题的答案是B。
三、调查报告类的主旨大意题
调查报告就是根据调查研究的成果写出来的正确反映客观事物及其规律的书面报告，它通常反映重大事件，新生事物，突出的典型，重要的经验和严重的问题。例如2012年湖北黄冈市的中考题阅读理解题的第二篇就是一篇调查报告。
Wang Bing’s father began smoking when he was a freshman （大学一年级学生） in college. His friend passed him his first cigarette. He has now been smoking for more than 30 years.
It’s a classic example of how young people are introduced to cigarettes， except that nowadays smokers develop their habit at an even younger age.
It has become a major concern （担忧） in China that many teenagers begin to smoke. A survey showed that 22. 5 of the middle school students questioned had tried smoking and 15.8% of them smoked regularly.
For many teenagers， smoking is a symbol of being an adult， independence， maturity （成熟） and attractiveness because the images who they love best often smoke on screen.
The social environment also plays an important role in attracting teenagers to smoking. They are used to seeing their elders， especially male family members， smoking at home. Many of them imitate adult behavior and become new smokers. To increase the price of cigarettes is an effective way to reduce the number of young smokers， as teenagers have limited money to spend on them.
Another way is to educate the teenagers to voluntarily refuse cigarettes. A survey shows that 92. 5% of the students know smoking will be bad for their health. If we persuade them in a proper way， most of them may give up smoking.
All in all， the society， the government， the school and the family should join together to take the responsibility for an anti-smoking （禁烟） campaign aimed at teenagers， not just to put empty slogans and warnings on cigarette packs.
（ ）71. What’s the main idea of this passage？
A. The teenagers think smoking is a symbol of being an adult and independence.
B. The social environment encourages the teenagers to smoke.
C. The teenagers should be educated to refuse to smoke.
D. The teenage smoking has become a serious problem in China.
这是一篇调查报告，它向我们反映的是社会中青少年吸烟的现象加重的趋势。因此本题的答案为D。
四、巩固练习（2012年重庆市中考题）
A school bus is one that is used to take children to and from school.
In the USA， about 450，000 school buses take more than 25 million children to and from school. The yellow school bus is a US icon （象征）。Yellow became the color of school buses in the USA in 1939. Dr. Frank got the good idea. He said it was easy for people to see yellow buses and the black letters on them in early morning or the afternoon. That would made children safer.
There are not many school buses in Britain， and they are not yellow. They have trackers （追踪器） on them， so kids are being tracked while they travel to and from school by bus. The trackers let parents know where the school bus is and whether their kids are on the bus.
Kindergarten （幼儿园） is a difficult time for some kids. It’s the first time for them to go away from their parents. To make kids love their school， Japanese kindergartens and schools have colorful buses. The buses can easily make children want to take them—and then， go to school. Even some parents want to take them， too！
School buses are becoming more and more popular in China now. It saves a lot of time for students to take a school bus. It is said that there will be 3，000 yellow school buses on the road by the end of this year in Chongqing.
（ ）61. This passage is mainly about ________.
A. school buses B. school life
C. popular colors D. students’ safety
解析：本文是一篇调查报告类的文章，它介绍的是校车的使用情况。所以答案为A。
主旨大意题的设题形式要么以问句的方式，如：What is the passage mainly about？ 要么以填空的形式，如：The passage is mainly about ______. 主旨大意题，揭示的是作者的写作目的，即是为什么要写这篇文章。这是答题的要旨所在。
一、记叙文的主旨大意题
如果文章是记叙文，那就要理解作者为什么要记述这件事，作者不是为了写事而写事，而是通过事情的记述表达一定的情感（爱，憎，喜，怒，哀，乐等）。例如2012年武汉市英语中考试题阅读理解题的A篇就是一篇记叙文。
One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting. I was looking forward to a quiet view of the art works.
A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me chatted nonstop between themselves. I watched them a moment and decided the wife was doing all the talk. I admired the husband’s patience for putting up with her continuous talk. Distracted by their noise， I moved on.
I met with them several times as I moved through the different rooms of art. Each time I heard her constant burst of words， I moved away quickly.
I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couple came near to the exit. Before they left， the man reached into his pocket and pulled out a white object. He extended it into a long stick and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife’s jacket.
“He’s a brave man，” the clerk at the counter said， “Most of us would give up if we were
blinded at such a young age. During his recovery he made a promise that his life wouldn’t change. So， as before， he and his wife come in whenever there’s a new art show.”
“But what dose he get out of the art？” I asked， “He can’t see.”
“Can’t see？ You’re wrong. He sees a lot. More than you or I do.” The clerk said， “His wife describes each painting so he can see it in his head.”
I learned something about patience， courage and love that day. I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life. And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.
（ ）60. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. the importance of art B. good manners in public
C. patience of a husband D. love between a couple
本文讲述了作者在一次参观艺术博物馆时，遇到一对特别的夫妇。在看艺术展时，妻子在不厌其烦地给身边的丈夫讲解每一件作品。这一举动，作者甚是不解。通过他人的介绍，才知道丈夫是个盲人。是什么力量让丈夫能幸福地享受到每一次艺术展，是妻子对他的爱。这才是作者写这篇文章的目的。因此本题答案为D。
二、说明文的主旨大意题
如果是说明文，作者写作的目的显然是为了向读者介绍一件产品或一个工具的用法等。例如2012年湖北黄冈市的中考题阅读理解题的第一篇就是一篇说明文。 It’s reported that a company called Microchips has developed a wirelessly controlled device （装置）. The device is put under the skin and can supply a drug directly into the patient’s body. People give the name “microchips” to it.
Microchips bring good news to patients with long-term （长期的） illnesses， for example， Osteoporosis （骨质疏松症）. People with Osteoporosis have to get daily injections （注射） of medicine. One type of treatment requires injections for two years. Many patients stop taking the medicine because of the pain and stress of the infections. However， microchips can deal with it. Doctors will program the device before putting it under the skin， and the device has the ability to release （释放） a dose （计量） at a given time， every single day. One microchip can hold a full year’s worth of medicine.
Microchips may one day free people from having to remember to take their medicine， or get injections. The device may also be useful in treating other long-term diseases， including heart disease， cancer and even AIDS.
（ ）67. What is the passage mainly about？
A. It introduces the company Microchips.
B. It introduces a new wirelessly controlled device called “microchips”.
C. It introduces some common long-term diseases.
D. It’s about how the device called “microchips” works.
这是一篇说明文，它向我们介绍了一种治疗骨质疏松症的仪器，它的名字叫做“microchips”，这种仪器克服了传统药物治疗的弊端，给骨质疏松症患者带来了福音。因此本题的答案是B。
三、调查报告类的主旨大意题
调查报告就是根据调查研究的成果写出来的正确反映客观事物及其规律的书面报告，它通常反映重大事件，新生事物，突出的典型，重要的经验和严重的问题。例如2012年湖北黄冈市的中考题阅读理解题的第二篇就是一篇调查报告。
Wang Bing’s father began smoking when he was a freshman （大学一年级学生） in college. His friend passed him his first cigarette. He has now been smoking for more than 30 years.
It’s a classic example of how young people are introduced to cigarettes， except that nowadays smokers develop their habit at an even younger age.
It has become a major concern （担忧） in China that many teenagers begin to smoke. A survey showed that 22. 5 of the middle school students questioned had tried smoking and 15.8% of them smoked regularly.
For many teenagers， smoking is a symbol of being an adult， independence， maturity （成熟） and attractiveness because the images who they love best often smoke on screen.
The social environment also plays an important role in attracting teenagers to smoking. They are used to seeing their elders， especially male family members， smoking at home. Many of them imitate adult behavior and become new smokers. To increase the price of cigarettes is an effective way to reduce the number of young smokers， as teenagers have limited money to spend on them.
Another way is to educate the teenagers to voluntarily refuse cigarettes. A survey shows that 92. 5% of the students know smoking will be bad for their health. If we persuade them in a proper way， most of them may give up smoking.
All in all， the society， the government， the school and the family should join together to take the responsibility for an anti-smoking （禁烟） campaign aimed at teenagers， not just to put empty slogans and warnings on cigarette packs.
（ ）71. What’s the main idea of this passage？
A. The teenagers think smoking is a symbol of being an adult and independence.
B. The social environment encourages the teenagers to smoke.
C. The teenagers should be educated to refuse to smoke.
D. The teenage smoking has become a serious problem in China.
这是一篇调查报告，它向我们反映的是社会中青少年吸烟的现象加重的趋势。因此本题的答案为D。
四、巩固练习（2012年重庆市中考题）
A school bus is one that is used to take children to and from school.
In the USA， about 450，000 school buses take more than 25 million children to and from school. The yellow school bus is a US icon （象征）。Yellow became the color of school buses in the USA in 1939. Dr. Frank got the good idea. He said it was easy for people to see yellow buses and the black letters on them in early morning or the afternoon. That would made children safer.
There are not many school buses in Britain， and they are not yellow. They have trackers （追踪器） on them， so kids are being tracked while they travel to and from school by bus. The trackers let parents know where the school bus is and whether their kids are on the bus.
Kindergarten （幼儿园） is a difficult time for some kids. It’s the first time for them to go away from their parents. To make kids love their school， Japanese kindergartens and schools have colorful buses. The buses can easily make children want to take them—and then， go to school. Even some parents want to take them， too！
School buses are becoming more and more popular in China now. It saves a lot of time for students to take a school bus. It is said that there will be 3，000 yellow school buses on the road by the end of this year in Chongqing.
（ ）61. This passage is mainly about ________.
A. school buses B. school life
C. popular colors D. students’ safety
解析：本文是一篇调查报告类的文章，它介绍的是校车的使用情况。所以答案为A。