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中世纪的德国流行着一句谚语:“城市的空气使人自由”。在人身奴役关系广为存在的时代,“市民城市”以其自由的法律地位,如漫漫长夜中灿烂之星斗,与周围的乡村形成鲜明的对比,使人充满希冀和向往。“市民城市”夺目的光彩,也引起了西方史学界的极大重视。遗憾的是,他们往往脱离社会经济条件,主要从法权和政治角度解释“市民城市”的自由地位,将“市民城市”的自由单纯归结为法权的演变和宪章的授予。近年来,我国学者也开始探讨“市民城市”的自由问题,但亦过于强调超经济因素的作用,仅仅将“市民城市”的自由地位归因于政治分裂和封建割据,而忽视了“市民城市”的具体经济内容与其法律地位的关系。
The medieval German popular saying goes: “The air in the city makes people free.” In the age of widespread human bondage, Citizens’ City, with its free legal status, such as the splendid night starry night, stands in stark contrast with the surrounding villages, bringing people full of hope and yearning. “Citizen City” eye-catching luster, also attracted great attention of Western historians. Regrettably, they are often out of their socio-economic conditions and mainly explain the “civic city” status from the perspective of legal rights and politics. They simply attribute the freedom of “civic city” to the evolution of the legal power and the award of the charter. In recent years, scholars in our country have also begun to explore the issue of the freedom of “civic cities.” However, they have also overemphasized the role of super-economic factors and attributed the free status of civic cities to political separatism and feudal separatism, "The specific economic content and its legal status.