一、绪言通过热自由锻锻造的大型锻钢件多用作造船、电力、冶金、石油化学等工业用设备部件。日本作为世界上超大型锻钢件制造的先驱,1969年生产的低合金钢钢锭最大为400t,1980年为570t,在1986年首次浇注,锻造了600t 的低合金钢锭。现在世界上每年浇注40余支350t 以上的钢锭用于大型锻钢件的制造。 I. INTRODUCTION The large forgings made by hot forging and forging are mostly used for industrial equipment components such as shipbuilding, electric power, metallurgy and petrochemistry. As a pioneer in the manufacture of very large forged steel parts in the world, Japan produced 400 tons of low-alloy steel ingots in 1969 and 570 tons in 1980. For the first time in 1986, it cast 600 tons of low-alloy steel ingots. Now pouring more than 40 pieces of 350t ingot each year in the world is used for manufacturing large forgings.