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许多矿石都含有磁性矿物。磁性矿物可以分为两类——铁磁性矿物和顺磁性矿物。铁磁性矿物如磁铁矿具有很高的磁化系数,只需要较弱的磁场强度就能进行成功的分选。顺磁性矿物象石榴石、钛铁矿和黑钨矿,其磁化系数就低得多,为了把它们从非磁性矿物中分离出来,一般需要一万高斯以上的磁场强度。由于在原子级别上的组成不同,任何一种矿物的磁化系数都会因地而异。分离某一矿山的黑钨矿样品也许比分离另一个矿山的黑钨矿样品所需要的磁场强度略有不同。某一特殊的颗粒还会由于含少量磁性物贡,如石英中的磁铁矿,或者因为颗粒表面被铁的氧化物污染,而显示出磁性来。因此,矿物种类的解离特别重要。强磁性矿物的弱磁场分选已经实践许多年了。它具有安装和操作费用少,能耗低,维修简便,不需要特别的操作技能,也没有环境问题(如浮选矿浆中的残余药剂处理)等优点。
Many ores contain magnetic minerals. Magnetic minerals can be divided into two categories - ferromagnetic minerals and paramagnetic minerals. Ferromagnetic minerals, such as magnetite, have very high magnetization coefficients and can be successfully sorted using only weak magnetic field strength. Paramagnetic minerals such as garnet, ilmenite and wolframite have much lower magnetization coefficients and typically require a magnetic field strength above 10,000 Gauss in order to separate them from non-magnetic minerals. The magnetization coefficient of any kind of minerals varies from place to place because of the compositional differences at the atomic level. Wollastonite samples from a mine may differ slightly from the magnetic field strength required to separate a wolframite sample from another mine. A particular particle may also show magnetism due to the inclusion of a small amount of magnetite, such as magnetite in quartz, or because the particle surface is contaminated with iron oxide. Therefore, the dissociation of mineral species is of particular importance. Magnetic field weak magnetic field sorting has been practiced for many years. It has the advantages of low installation and operation cost, low energy consumption, easy maintenance, no special operation skills and no environmental problems (such as residual drug treatment in flotation slurry).