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在教修辞格的时候,我遇到这样一个例句:“谁要怀疑亚里斯多德,人们就会责备他:‘你是什么意思?难道要违背人类的真理吗?”(见湖北省中师函授教材《语文基础知识》第三分册)教材将最后一个问句归入“反问”一格。我认为值得商榷。“反问”有个很重要的特点,即以否定的形式表示肯定的意思,以肯定的形式表示否定的意思。如果说上一例的最后一句是反同的话,根据这个特点判断,其意思成了“不是要违背人类的真理。”
When I was teaching rhetorical figures, I encountered such an example sentence: “Anyone who doubts Aristotle will be reproached by him: ’What do you mean? Is it contrary to the truth of mankind?’” (see Hubei Normal University Correspondence teaching material “Chinese basic knowledge” third volumes) textbooks will be the last question into a “Ranque” one. I think it’s worth discussing. There is a very important feature of “raid rhetoric”, which is to express the meaning of affirmation in the form of negation and the meaning of negation in the form of affirmation. If we say that the last sentence of the previous example is an antithesis, judging from this characteristic, its meaning becomes “not to violate the truth of mankind.”