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法经济学强调互动性思维和事前预防,主张在效率价值基础上实现公平价值。城市交通拥堵治理本质上是一个法经济学问题。对于具有拥挤性和外部性的城市道路交通运输资源而言,城市交通拥堵治理表现在初始产权界定和事后权利调整两个方面。在初始产权界定过程中,我们可以采取具有公平性的民主投票机制来确定交通拥堵治理模式,从而增强社会公众对拥堵治理方案效率性的支持度。但是,对初始产权界定的事后调整需要遵循契约交易原则,公平性不能成为无条件调整产权的理由。假设交易成本为零,民主投票这一公共选择机制具有和市场交易谈判同样的效率性;假设交易成本很高,体现公平价值的民主投票反而能够最大限度地节约交易成本,促进稀缺城市交通运输资源的配置效率和公共交通的发展进程。
Law and economics emphasize interactive thinking and precautionary measures, advocating the realization of fair value based on the value of efficiency. Urban traffic congestion management is essentially a law and economics issue. For urban road transportation resources with congestion and externalities, urban traffic congestion management is manifested in the definition of initial property and the adjustment of ex-post rights. In the process of defining the initial property rights, we can adopt a fair democratic voting mechanism to determine the traffic congestion management mode, so as to enhance the public’s support for the efficiency of congestion control programs. However, the post-adjustment of initial property rights needs to follow the principle of contractual transactions, and fairness can not justify the unconditional adjustment of property rights. Suppose the transaction cost is zero, the democratic choice mechanism of public voting has the same efficiency as the market transaction negotiation. Suppose the transaction cost is very high, democratic voting that reflects the fair value can instead save the transaction cost to the greatest extent and promote the transportation resources of scarce city The efficiency of configuration and the development of public transport.