全身麻醉药引起发育神经元神经毒性作用的具体机制目前仍无定论。线粒体是细胞内物质代谢和能量转换的中心，全身麻醉药可引起线粒体结构功能改变，诱发氧化应激，破坏呼吸链，干扰线粒体动力学，引起线粒体损伤从而导致神经毒性作用。文章阐述了全身麻醉药引起发育神经元神经毒性作用的线粒体机制，并且对线粒体动力学相关的分子机制进行了详细介绍，以期为未来婴幼儿麻醉寻找可能的干预手段提供新思路。“,”The specific mechanisms of neurotoxicity caused by general anesthetics on developmental neurons have not been completely unknown. Mitochondria are the core of substance metabolism and energy conversion within cells. General anesthetics can result in the changes in mitochondrial structure and function, induce oxidative stress, destroy respiratory chain, interfere with mitochondrial dynamics, and cause mitochondrial damage, leading to neurotoxicity. This article describes the mitochondrial mechanisms of neurotoxicity caused by general anesthetics on developing neurons, and introduces the molecular mechanisms related to mitochondrial dynamics in detail, so as to provide new thoughts for possible intervention approaches to infant anesthesia in the future.