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任何理论的发展都不应囿于一元主义的封闭路径,而是应该秉持基于多种理论共同竞争的多元主义理念,否则就必然会陷入神话困境。对经济学科尤其如此,经济理论的合理发展路径就在于,在多流派和多学科相互竞争和比较的基础上进行知识和思维的契合。然而,现代主流经济学研究具有强烈的一元主义取向,它极力维护特定研究范式而蜕化为一种“我向思考”的解释共同体,进而滋生出明显的主流范式拜物教。这种一元主义取向在中国经济学界尤其强烈,其原因就在于,中国经济学界的功利主义学风更为盛行,实用主义学术制度更为扭曲。有鉴于此,现代主流经济学就迫切需要在学术态度上的转向,引入开放而多元的思维和学风以突破一元主义的神话困境;相应地,这需要从两方面着眼:一是从外部动力上重视非专业人士的质疑和批判,二是从内部动力上培养根基于批判性思维的学术精神。
No theory should develop in a closed path to monism. Instead, it should adhere to the concept of pluralism that competes on the basis of various theories, otherwise it will inevitably fall into a mythical dilemma. This is especially true of the economic discipline, where the rational development path of economic theory lies in the conformity of knowledge and thinking on the basis of multi-disciplinary and multidisciplinary competition and comparison. However, the study of modern mainstream economics has a strong monist orientation. It endeavors to defend the specific research paradigm and degenerate into a “my thinking” interpretation community, which in turn generates a clear mainstream paradigm of fetishism. This monist orientation is particularly strong in the Chinese economics community because of the prevalence of utilitarianism in the Chinese economics community and the more pragmatic academic system. In view of this, the modern mainstream economics urgently needs to change its academic attitude and introduce an open and diverse thinking and style of study to break through the mythical monism dilemma. Accordingly, this requires two aspects: First, from the external motivation Attention should be paid to questions and criticisms of non-professionals. The second is to cultivate the academic spirit based on critical thinking from the internal motivation.