论文部分内容阅读
在非洲撒哈拉以南地区,将近70%的人口生活在农村地区并以农业为生。然而,相比于世界上其他地区,这一地区对可持续的农业技术接受较为缓慢,再加上较低的农业生产率,使其成为了粮食净进口地区。农业生物技术不仅是提高农业产量的工具,同时也为保证粮食安全和消除贫困带来了巨大的机遇。目前,仅南非、布基纳法索和苏丹在商业化规模种植转基因作物。许多非洲国家已经或正在建立针对现代生物技术应用的监管框架,有9个国家正在对一些转基因作物进行限制性田间试验,这些转基因作物具有受农场主和消费者欢迎的优良性状。本文综述了转基因作物在非洲撒哈拉以南地区的应用情况,聚焦于转基因作物的研究、发展以及使用。同时对非洲部分地区各选取2个国家进行说明,分别是非洲南部的南非和马拉维、非洲东部的肯尼亚和乌干达以及非洲西部的加纳和布基纳法索。介绍了这6个国家管理转基因作物使用的法规并提出了向前推进的建议。
In sub-Saharan Africa, nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas and lives on agriculture. However, the slow acceptance of sustainable agricultural technologies in the region, compared to the rest of the world, coupled with lower agricultural productivity makes it a net food-importing area. Agricultural biotechnology is not only a tool to increase agricultural output, but also offers great opportunities for ensuring food security and eliminating poverty. At present, only South Africa, Burkina Faso and the Sudan are planting GM crops on a commercial scale. Many African countries have or are in the process of establishing regulatory frameworks for modern biotechnology applications. Nine countries are conducting limited field trials of some GM crops that have good traits that are welcomed by farmers and consumers. This article reviews the application of GM crops in sub-Saharan Africa and focuses on the research, development and use of GM crops. At the same time, two countries will be selected for each part of Africa. They are South Africa and Malawi in southern Africa, Kenya and Uganda in eastern Africa, Ghana and Burkina Faso in western Africa. Introduced the regulations governing the use of genetically modified crops in these six countries and put forward suggestions for moving forward.