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微观经济理论认为竞争是有效的,垄断(独占,Monopolization)是无效的,垄断(独占,Monopolization)会给经济、产业界带来负作用。但目前寡头垄断(Oligopoly)已成为产业组织结构的主流。本文展示数模,在分析产业组织发展过程的基础上,阐释了成熟产业的产业组织结构为何是寡头垄断(Oligopoly)与中小企业并存以及产业内部寡头更迭的原因。
Microeconomic theory holds that competition is effective. Monopolization is ineffective. Monopolization can have a negative effect on the economy and industry. However, Oligopoly has become the mainstream of the industrial organization. This article shows how to model the industrial organization in mature industries based on an analysis of the development of the industrial organization. It explains why Oligopoly co-exists with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and how oligarchs change within the industry.