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目的:调查分析高海拔地区学龄前儿童的膳食营养状况和生长发育情况,探讨学龄前儿童营养障碍发生情况及影响的相关因素,并为此提出相关干预措施。方法:整群随机抽样海北州四县56所幼儿园随机抽取8所幼儿园1 126名学龄前儿童,进行身高、体重测量等,调查相关资料分析儿童营养障碍的相关因素。结果:(1)检出营养不良发病率13.85%,各县间及性别间发病率无差异性,而城镇与乡村学龄前儿童间发病率有差异性,其中乡村幼儿园发病率18.11%、城镇发病率8.56%;(2)营养性贫血发病率为11.37%,男女性别间贫血发病率无差异性(P>0.05),但农村和城镇儿童发病率有差异性。影响因素中以饮食习惯、爱吃零食、父母文化程度、经济收入等因素与学龄前儿童营养不良有关联(P<0.05)。结论:调查研究分析本地区学龄前儿童营养障碍发生与母亲文化程度、饮食习惯、健康教育和家庭收入均影响儿童营养状况,作为儿童保健工作者要重视家长及幼儿园师资人员的健康教育,改善其生活条件和饮食习惯,是提高儿童营养状况的有效手段。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the nutritional status and growth of preschool children in high altitude areas, investigate the incidence and influencing factors of nutritional disorders in preschool children, and propose relevant interventions for this purpose. Methods: A total of 1 126 preschool children from 8 kindergartens were randomly selected from 56 nurseries in 4 counties of Haibei prefecture for height and weight measurement. Relevant data were analyzed to analyze the related factors of children’s nutritional disorders. Results: (1) The incidence of malnutrition was detected at 13.85%. There was no difference in the incidence among different counties and between sexes. However, the prevalence rates among preschool children in urban and rural areas were different. The incidence of rural kindergartens was 18.11% Rate of 8.56%; (2) The incidence of nutritional anemia was 11.37%, there was no difference in the incidence of anemia between male and female (P> 0.05), but the incidence of rural and urban children was different. Among the influencing factors, there was a correlation between nutrition factors and preschool children malnutrition (P <0.05), such as eating habit, snacking, parental education, economic income and other factors. Conclusion: The investigation and analysis of nutrition prevalence of preschool-age children in the region and their education levels, eating habits, health education and family income all affect the nutritional status of children. As a child health worker, they should pay attention to the health education of parents and kindergarten teachers and improve their health education Living conditions and eating habits are an effective means of improving the nutritional status of children.