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一、前言微波在工业和科学上的应用已有很长的历史了。今天,对微波通信和雷达以及微波射电天文学和遥感等已众所周知。基于这些传统的应用,近几年来,一门新的学科在工业生产过程控制中迅速形成。这就是对非电量,如材料的数量、流量、几何尺寸和物理性能等等的测量。直到最近,由于微波设备相当庞大和昂贵(特别是毫米波和亚毫米波),必然阻碍了在工业上的应用。目前,由于更加可靠和更加有效的直至亚毫米波段的固体源(只需要相当简单的低压电源)的发展,才使毫米波和亚毫米波仪器完全固体化,从而,刺激了工业应用的新兴趣,例如,交通管制、工业、科学以及体育运动的测量应用等。
I. Introduction Microwave has a long history in industrial and scientific applications. Today, microwave communication and radar as well as microwave radio astronomy and remote sensing are all well known. Based on these traditional applications, in recent years a new discipline has rapidly emerged in the control of industrial processes. This is the measurement of non-electricity, such as the number of materials, flow, geometric dimensions and physical properties and so on. Until recently, due to the considerable size and cost of microwave equipment (especially millimeter and sub-millimeter waves), industrial applications inevitably thwarted. Millimeter and sub-millimeter wave instruments are now fully solidified due to the more reliable and effective development of solid sources up to the sub-millimeter band (requiring relatively simple low-voltage power supplies), thereby stimulating new interest in industrial applications For example, traffic control, industrial, scientific and sports measurement applications.