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一、序言五十年代以来,汽轮机在增大机组容量的同时,蒸汽参数也不断向高温高压发展,从而显著地提高了热效率。七十年代以后,在提高机组的运行特性和可靠性方面,也取得了较大的进步。目前,汽轮机作为原动机已达到成熟值,热效率已提高到40％左右,单机功率也已达130万千瓦。为了进一步提高机组的热效率,各国正在开发各种新技术。本文主要介绍日本火电汽轮机在提高热效率和可靠性方面的近期技术发展。
I. Preface Since the 1950s, steam turbines have been increasing the unit capacity and steam parameters have been continuously developed to high temperatures and pressures, thus significantly improving thermal efficiency. Since the 1970s, great progress has been made in improving the operating characteristics and reliability of generating units. At present, the turbine as the prime mover has reached a mature value, the thermal efficiency has been increased to about 40%, stand-alone power has reached 1.3 million kilowatts. In order to further improve the thermal efficiency of units, various new technologies are being developed in various countries. This article describes the recent technological developments in Japan’s thermal power turbines to improve thermal efficiency and reliability.