论文以天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川1958/1959—2009/2010年平衡线高度观测资料为基础,研究了平衡线高度及其与气候变化的关系。结果表明,在研究时段内,平衡线高度变化分为正常波动、缓慢下降、迅速上升三个阶段,变化范围介于3 948~4 484 m,多年平均为4 067 m,总体呈普遍上升趋势,总计上升了90 m,且在2009/2010年超过了冰川的上界,意味着该年度冰川全部处于消融状态。积累区比率作为平衡线高度变化的一个重要指标,在这一时期内也呈现明显的下降趋势,下降了约17%。物质平衡与平衡线高度具有显著的负相关性,物质平衡减小100 mm,平衡线高度将上升17 m。冰川处于稳定状态时的平衡线高度,即零平衡高度ELA0为4 018 m。平衡线高度随纯消融量的增加而升高,纯消融量增加10×104m3,平衡线高度上升14 m。平衡线高度对气候变化的敏感性研究表明,如果夏季平均气温升高1℃,则平衡线高度将上升约82 m,如果年降水量增加100 mm,则平衡线高度将下降约41 m,且夏季气温是影响冰川平衡线高度变化的主导气候因素。 Based on the observation data of the balance line in 1958 / 1959-2009 / 2010 of Glacier No. 1 in Urumqi, Tianshan, the paper studied the relationship between the height of balance line and climate change. The results showed that during the study period, the height of balance line was divided into three stages: normal fluctuation, slow decline and rapid increase. The range of variation was from 3 948 to 4 484 m and the average was 4 067 m for many years, A total increase of 90 m, which exceeded the upper limit of the glacier in 2009/2010, meaning that all the glaciers of this year were in ablation. Accumulation area ratio as an important indicator of the height of the balance line changes during this period also showed a clear downward trend, down about 17%. There is a significant negative correlation between the material balance and the height of the balance line. When the material balance decreases by 100 mm, the height of the balance line will increase by 17 m. When the glacier is in steady state, the equilibrium line height, ie, the zero balance height ELA0 is 4 018 m. The height of balance line increased with the increase of pure ablation volume, the amount of pure ablation increased by 10 × 104m3, and the height of balance line increased by 14 m. Studies on the Sensitivity of Balance Line Height to Climate Change Studies show that if the summer average temperature increases by 1 ° C, the equilibrium line height will increase by about 82 m, and if the annual precipitation increase by 100 mm, the balance line height will decrease by about 41 m Summer temperature is the dominant climatic factor affecting the height change of glacier balance line.