目的:探讨瞬时受体电位通道蛋白V1(TRPV1)和瞬时受体电位通道蛋白A1(TRPA1)在睾丸痛大鼠模型的表达及作用机制。方法:通过睾丸内注射2%醋酸的方法建立睾丸痛大鼠模型;造模后通过行为学实验检测大鼠自发痛计数与阴囊部热痛阈;RT-q PCR、Western印迹、免疫荧光检测T_(13)~L_1节段背根神经节(DRG)TRPV1和TRPA1的表达。结果:建模后大鼠自发痛计数较对照组明显增多[(22.63±3.42)次vs(0.13±0.35)次,P<0.01],热痛阈值下降,其下降峰值在注射后第4小时(4.85±1.00 s),与对照组(12.75±1.50 s)相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。TRPV1和TRPA1均表达在DRG内神经元的胞膜上,与对照组相比,模型组大鼠DRG内TRPV1的mRNA水平上升至对照组的(1.77±0.34)倍,TRPA1的mRNA水平上升至对照组的(1.75±0.30)倍,且两种蛋白均表达上调,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:TRPV1和TRPA1可能通过在DRG内表达上调,参与了睾丸痛大鼠模型的痛觉产生与外周痛敏的形成。 Objective: To investigate the expression of transient receptor potential channel protein (TRPV1) and transient receptor potential channel protein (TRPA1) in rat model of testicular pain and its mechanism. Methods: The model of testicular pain was established by injection of 2% acetic acid in the testes. After the model was established, the spontaneous pain count and the scrotal pain threshold of the scrotum were determined by behavioral tests. The RT-q PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect T_ (13) ~ L_1 segmental dorsal root ganglia (DRG) TRPV1 and TRPA1 expression. Results: Compared with the control group, the spontaneous pain count in the model group increased significantly ([22.63 ± 3.42] vs (0.13 ± 0.35) times, P <0.01], and the thermal pain threshold decreased. The peak value of the decrease in the fourth hour after injection 4.85 ± 1.00 s), which was significantly different from that of the control group (12.75 ± 1.50 s) (P <0.01). TRPV1 and TRPA1 were all expressed in the membrane of neurons in DRG. Compared with the control group, the mRNA level of TRPV1 in DRG of model group increased to (1.77 ± 0.34) times of the control group, TRPA1 mRNA level increased to control Group (1.75 ± 0.30) times, and the two proteins were up-regulated, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TRPV1 and TRPAl may be involved in the formation of painful sensation and peripheral pain in testicular pain model rats by upregulating their expression in DRG.