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1998年,在人类口腔鳞癌细胞株UMSCC-22B中首次发现了GPRC5A(Gprotein-coupled receptor family C,member 5,group A)基因。后续的研究提示,GPRC5A是肺癌特异的抑癌基因,与长期慢性感染和吸烟等因素密切相关;而在乳腺癌和胃癌中,GPRC5A又作为癌基因促进肿瘤细胞增殖。GPRC5A受维甲酸、p53和环腺苷酸(cyclic adenosine monophosphate,cAMP)的调节,并活化非经典Wnt信号通路,抑制信号转导及转录活化因子3(signal transducers and activators of transcription 3,STAT3)信号通路。本综述重点阐述了GPRC5A的生物学特性,与肺癌、乳腺癌和胃癌发生的关系,及其潜在的信号调控通路,以期为肺癌、乳腺癌及胃癌的预防和靶向治疗提供新的思路。
In 1998, GPRC5A (Gprotein-coupled receptor family C, member 5, group A) gene was first found in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line UMSCC-22B. Subsequent studies suggest that GPRC5A is a lung cancer-specific tumor suppressor gene, which is closely related to long-term chronic infection and smoking and other factors; while in breast cancer and gastric cancer, GPRC5A as an oncogene and promote tumor cell proliferation. GPRC5A is regulated by retinoic acid, p53, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and activates non-canonical Wnt signaling and inhibits signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling path. This review focuses on the biological characteristics of GPRC5A, the relationship with the occurrence of lung cancer, breast cancer and gastric cancer, and its potential signal regulatory pathways, in order to provide a new idea for the prevention and targeted therapy of lung cancer, breast cancer and gastric cancer.