目的：探讨实弹演习火炮打击后兔肺爆震伤的病理变化及P38表达特点。方法闽南山地师团进攻实弹演习，设置6组。远离演习场的空白对照实验兔组（A组），火炮打击区域设置炮火覆盖山体反角隐蔽组（B组）和迎面角隐蔽组（C1-C3组），各组均含实验兔6只。火炮打击后6 h，各组存活兔处死后取肺中叶近肺门处组织，HE染色观察其病理损伤形态，免疫组化染色观察P38的组织表达。结果与A组比较，B组和C组兔肺组织均可见肺膜下点片状出血和明显的组织水肿，H E染色示后两组肺泡细胞局灶性坏死、肺泡壁破坏及间质水肿伴炎细胞浸润，C组病理损伤明显强于B组。免疫组化结果示后两组肺组织内P38染色强度、范围和阳性细胞率均高于A组，且C组P38免疫反应程度高于B组。结论火炮打击后兔肺组织呈明显的出血、水肿、细胞坏死等爆震伤病理表现。反角掩体保护有助于减轻肺脏损伤。P38过表达与肺脏损伤病理程度显著相关，它参与了兔肺爆震伤的分子病理调控，是该型损伤治疗的潜在靶标。“,”Objective: To investigate the pathological characteristics and histological expression of P38 in rabbit pulmonary blast injury induced by artil ery strike. Method: When the mountain division in South Fujian lanched a military exercise, we used 30 rabbits for the fol owing experiments by equal y al ocating them into blank control group (Group A) which was far away from the exercise field,reverse-shelter-protecting group (Group B), and forward-shelter-protecting group (Group C). Six hours after artil ery strike, the surviving rabbits were sacrificed for their lung middle lobe lung tissues nearing the pulmonary hilar. HE staining was performed to observe the pathological morphous, and immunohistochemical study to investigate the histological expression of P38. Results: Compared with the rabbit lung tissues in Group A, those in Group B and C exhibited focal to broad hemorrhage underneath the lung membrane and obvious parenchymatous edema. HE staining showed that lung tissues in the latter two groups experienced focal necrosis of alveolar cell, disruption of alveolar wal , and interstitial edema with extensive infiltration of inflammatory cell, the pathological injury was markedly severer in Group C than that in Group B. Immunohistochemical results showed that the intensity and scope of P38 expression and the percentage of positive cells in lung tissues from Group B and C were significantly higher than those from Group A. In addition, the immunoreactivity of P38 was much higher in Group C than that in Group B. Conclusion: Rabbit lung exhibits obvious pathological alterations of pulmonary blast injury such as hemorrhage, edema, cellular necrosis, etc., after artil ery strikes. Reverse-shelter-protection helps the al eviation of lung injury. Overexpression of P38 significantly correlates with the pathological degree of lung injury and potential y involves in the molecular regulation of pulmonary blast injury of rabbit, suggesting that it is a potential therapeutic target.