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INTRODUCTION:Cancer and chemotherapy-induced malnutrition increase death,reduce the response to treatment,and increase multiple kinds of side effects.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Mediterranean-neutropenic diet on the nutritional status of acute myeloid leukemia patients under chemotherapy.MATERIALS AND METHODS:50 patients were divided intotwo groups by a random allocation scheme:the Mediterranean-neutropenic diet (n =25) and the neutropenic diet group (n =25).The intervention was implemented during a one month period.The nutritional status was evaluated based on PG-SGA.Serum albumin levels and dietary intake were also measured.RESULTS:After the intervention,the mean serum albumin level in the intervention group was significantly higher than the beginning of the study (p =0.09) and in comparison with the control group (p =0.01).Also,the mean serum albumin level in the control group significantly decreased at the end of the study compared to the beginning of the study (p =0.03).After intervention,the nutritional status of the patients in the intervention group was significantly improved compared to the control group.CONCLUSION:In general,based on the results of this study,the Mediterranean neutropenic diet improves nutritional status during chemotherapy by increasing food intake,preventing weight loss and increasing serum albumin levels.