气体水合物(冰状笼形化合物)是在低温和高压条件下形成的类似冰的结晶化合物。在气体水合物的晶格里,水分子围绕客体分子形成氢键笼形骨架的网状结构,而客体分子通常是由小分子直径的气体(如甲烷、乙烷、丙烷或二氧化碳)组成的。在石油天然气工业中,虽然水合物的形成可引起严重的气流堵塞问题,但在天然气储存与运输的广阔领域中,水合物也提供了一种新的、颇具应用潜力的储运手段。 Gas hydrates (ice-like clathrates) are ice-like crystalline compounds formed at low temperatures and pressures. In the gas hydrate lattice, water molecules form a network of hydrogen-bonded cage structures around guest molecules, whereas guest molecules usually consist of gases with small molecular diameters such as methane, ethane, propane, or carbon dioxide. In the oil and gas industry, although hydrate formation can cause serious blockages of gas flow, hydrates also provide a new potential for storage and transportation in the vast area of ​​natural gas storage and transportation.