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目的了解惠州市外环境H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感病毒的动态分布情况,为防治人感染禽流感提供科学依据。方法采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应方法对2013—2015年惠州市外环境标本(禽类粪便、笼具表面、刀具、地面、砧板等)进行禽流感病毒核酸检测,阳性者进一步检测H5、H7、H9亚型核酸,数据用Excel软件进行统计分析。结果 2013—2015年共采集并检测各类环境标本847份,其中流感病毒A型(Flu A)阳性标本298份,阳性率为35.18%,H9亚型阳性占63.09%,H5亚型阳性占15.77%,H7亚型阳性占3.36%。不同场所和不同类型标本检测阳性率最高分别为农贸市场和宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面,阳性率为41.23%及52.41%。结论惠州市活禽市场特别是农贸市场等外环境中检出H5、H7、H9及多种亚型混合等多种亚型禽流感病毒存在,存在感染人的风险,应积极采取综合性防控措施。
Objective To understand the dynamic distribution of H5, H7 and H9 subtype avian influenza viruses in the external environment of Huizhou and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of bird flu in humans. Methods The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect the avian influenza virus nucleic acid in the external environment samples (poultry feces, cage surfaces, knives, ground, chopping board, etc.) of 2013-2015. Positive samples were further tested for H5, H7, H9 subtype nucleic acid, data using Excel software for statistical analysis. Results A total of 847 environmental samples were collected and tested during 2013-2015. Among them, 298 were positive for influenza A (Flu A) samples, the positive rate was 35.18%, the positive for H9 subtype was 63.09%, and the positive for H5 subtype was 15.77 %, H7 subtype accounted for 3.36%. The highest positive rates of detection in different places and different types of specimens were the farmer’s market and slaughtered or placed on the surface of poultry meat samples, the positive rates were 41.23% and 52.41% respectively. Conclusion There are many subtype of avian influenza viruses such as H5, H7, H9 and many subtypes mixed in the living environment of Huizhou live poultry market, especially the farmers’ market, etc., and there is a risk of infecting people. Therefore, we should adopt comprehensive prevention and control Measures.