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植物冻害每年都招致巨大的经济损失,尤其是在我国每十年左右有一次周期性冻害。1999年出现周期性大冻害,仅广东、广西、福建三省(区)受冻害面积约有1500万亩以上。受冻作物有香蕉、荔枝、龙眼、菠萝、芒果、柑桔、橄榄、蔬菜、花卉等,经济损失达150亿元左右。所以如何防冻,值得引起我国有关政府部门与科技工作者的高度重视。本文提出了采用应急普及与长远提高相结合的两条腿走路的研究方针,包括总结已有的经验教训,认真规划,适地适种,采取行之有效的防冻技术措施;探索制备防冻乳质保护剂,经喷施后凝结成抗冻保护膜;制造人工快速低温锻炼,进行重要抗冻相关基因共转移的基因工程和细胞融合染色体工程实验,来改善植物的抗冻性。
Plant frost damage each year incurs tremendous economic losses, especially in our country once a decade or so periodic frost damage. In 1999, periodic frost damage occurred. Only the areas damaged by frost damage in Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian provinces were more than 15 million mu. Frozen crops bananas, lychees, longan, pineapple, mango, oranges, olives, vegetables, flowers, etc., the economic losses of 15 billion yuan. Therefore, how to frost-proof, it is worth drawing the attention of relevant government departments and scientific and technological workers in our country. This article put forward the research guideline of walking with two legs combined with emergency popularization and long-term improvement, including summing up the existing experiences and lessons, carefully planning, adapting to suitable species and adopting effective antifreeze technology and measures; Protective agent, sprayed after condensation into the antifreeze protective film; manufacturing artificial rapid low temperature exercise, important antifreeze gene co-transfer gene engineering and cell fusion chromosome engineering experiments to improve the plant’s frost resistance.