前言长沙马王堆一号汉墓出土的大量珍贵文物,其中包括各种华丽的丝织品、精美的漆器以及彩绘帛画等,是我国考古发掘工作中一次非常重要的发现。它充分地显示了无产阶级文化大革命的丰硕成果。本文报告了对出土的(N-5)号印花敷彩纱(见封三图1)图案颜料所进行的 X 射线物相分析结果。每组彩色图案花纹都由灰色印纹、蓝黑纹、暖灰纹、银灰纹、墨纹、朱纹、白纹共七种颜色组成。为了提高实验灵敏度,我们使用了单色聚焦 X 射线粉末照相机,以便找出在古代配制颜料的过程中所加入的小量调色剂。实验证明:灰色印纹颜料的物相与暖灰纹颜料相同,是立方晶系硫化汞(黑辰砂)和六方晶系硫化汞(辰砂)的混合物;蓝黑纹颜料是辰砂、绢云母和墨的混合物;银灰纹颜料是立方晶系硫化铅和辰砂的混合物;墨纹颜料未见粉末衍射线条,说明是无定型碳黑制成的墨;朱纹颜料是辰砂;白纹颜料是绢云母。实验方法摄片条件使用 Guinier 聚焦粉末照相机能使 X 射线单色化,同时还具有聚焦作用;因而能减低背景黑度,增加微弱信号的相对强度,有利于检出少量的物相组分。例如:白色颜料绢云母矿中的少量α-SiO_2(石英)的衍射线, Foreword A large number of valuable cultural relics excavated from the Han Tombs of Mawangdui in Changsha, including various ornate silk fabrics, beautiful lacquer wares and painted silk paintings, are a very important discovery in the archaeological excavation work in our country. It fully shows the fruitful results of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. This paper reports the results of X-ray phase analysis of patterned pigments from the printed (N-5) printed appliqué yarn (see Figure 3). Each color pattern consists of gray pattern, blue black pattern, warm gray pattern, silver gray pattern, ink pattern, vermilion pattern and white pattern. To increase the experimental sensitivity, we used a monochromatic focus X-ray powder camera to find the small amount of toner added during the ancient formulation of pigments. The experimental results show that the gray pigment phase is the same as the warm ash gray pigment and is a mixture of cubic mercury sulfide (cinnabar) and hexagonal mercury sulfide (cinnabar). The blue black pigment is cinnabar, sericite and ink Of the mixture; silver gray pigment is a cubic system of lead sulfide and cinnabar mixture; ink pigment no powder diffraction lines, indicating that amorphous carbon black ink; Zhu Wen pigment is cinnabar; white pigment is sericite. Experimental methods Photographic conditions Guinier focused powder cameras are used to monochromatize X-rays while also having a focusing effect; thereby reducing background darkness and increasing the relative intensity of weak signals, which facilitates the detection of small amounts of phase components. For example: white pigment sericite ore a small amount of α-SiO_2 (quartz) diffraction line,