While central venous pressure (CVP) measurement is used to guide fluid management for high-risk surgical patients during the perioperative period, its relationship to patient prognosis is unknown.

This single-center, retrospective observational study enrolled patients undergoing high-risk surgery from February 1, 2014 to November 31, 2020, who were admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) directly after surgery. Patients were divided into the following three groups according to the first CVP measurement (CVP1) after admission to the ICU: low, CVP1