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运用福利经济学和微观经济学中的市场结构理论,分析了碳税的概念和森林碳汇市场交易双方的外部性特征,认为森林碳汇市场的作用是纠正排污企业和林农造林的正外部性。目前森林碳汇市场属于买方寡占市场,政府需要设计合适的碳税政策,对排污企业征收碳税,使企业在缴纳碳税和购买森林碳汇之间选择。长期来看,企业会选择提高资本或劳动力的使用来替代对环境的污染,直至达到每种生产投入经过单位成本调整后的边际产出相等。
By using the theory of market structure in welfare economics and microeconomics, this paper analyzes the concept of carbon tax and the externalities of both parties in the forest carbon sequestration market. It thinks that the role of forest carbon sequestration market is to correct the positive externalities of the sewage disposal enterprises and forestation afforestation . At present, the forest carbon sink market belongs to the oligarchy of the buyer. The government needs to design a suitable carbon tax policy, impose a carbon tax on the sewage companies and make the enterprise choose between paying the carbon tax and purchasing forest carbon sinks. In the long run, companies will choose to increase the use of capital or labor to replace the pollution of the environment until the marginal product of each production input after unit cost adjustment is equal.