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依据青海省化隆县考古调查获得的新石器-青铜时代(5.3～2.6kaB.P.)的遗址位置和面积,尝试利用聚落等级和等级规模的方法分析该县新石器-青铜时代的聚落形态演变过程,并结合研究区周边地区的全新世气候记录和考古研究资料分析其可能的影响因素。结果显示:马家窑文化时期(5.4～4.0kaB.P.),化隆县出现具有一定人口规模和整合的聚落系统,可能与适宜气候背景下,农业快速发展导致的人口流动有关;齐家文化时期(4.2～3.8kaB.P.),化隆县人口规模未发生显著变化,没有出现聚落等级,聚落系统结构简单,各聚落之间为平等竞争关系,可能与区域聚落分布特征改变有关;3.6～2.5kaB.P.,化隆县人口规模增加,三级等级聚落系统明显整合,可能是卡约文化的农业生产水平和生计方式适应气候变化的结果。因此,气候变化、生计模式和人口流动是化隆县新石器-青铜时代聚落形态演变和社会组织结构发展的主要原因。
Based on the site and area of the Neolithic - Bronze Age (5.3 ~ 2.6 kaB.P.) Archeological survey obtained from the Archeological Survey of Hualong County, Qinghai Province, the settlement status and area scale of the Neolithic - Bronze Age settlements Evolution process, and combined with Holocene climate records and archaeological data around the study area to analyze its possible influencing factors. The results showed that there was a population system with certain population size and integration in Majiayao Culture Period (5.4 ~ 4.0kaB.P.) and Hailong County, which may be related to the population flow caused by the rapid development of agriculture under suitable climate. During the cultural period (4.2 ~ 3.8kaB.P.), There was no significant change in the population scale of Hualong County, no settlement level, simple structure of settlement system and equal competition among settlements, which may be related to the change of distribution characteristics of regional settlements; 3.6 ~ 2.5kaB.P., Hualong County population increased, the apparent integration of the three levels of settlement system may be the result of agricultural adaptation and livelihood adaptation to climate change. Therefore, climate change, livelihood patterns and population movements are the main reasons for the evolution of the settlement form and social organization structure of the Neolithic-Bronze Age settlements in Hualong County.