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肾移植作为终末期肾病(ESRD)的有效的临床治疗方法近20年来有了很大的发展,但供肾来源短缺限制了肾移植工作的开展,活体供肾可以缓解此矛盾而受到人们的重视。由于术前准备充分,热冷缺血时间短,近年来又结合了外科微创手术学的新发展,使本手术对供者的影响减少,移植肾近期及远期存活率提高,因此,受到医生和患者的青睐。近年来对活体供肾的基础研究逐步深入,主要集中于降低排斥反应、诱导免疫耐受及器官克隆和转基因器官的研究。
Renal transplantation as an effective clinical treatment of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has made great progress over the past 20 years, but the shortage of donor kidney limits the development of kidney transplantation. Living donor kidney can alleviate this contradiction and receive much attention . Due to adequate preoperative preparation, short warm and cold ischemia, in recent years combined with the surgical development of minimally invasive surgery, so that the impact of this operation on the donor to reduce the short-term and long-term survival of graft survival, therefore, by Doctors and patients of all ages. In recent years, basic research on living donor kidneys has been gradually deepened, mainly focusing on the study of reducing rejection, inducing immune tolerance and organ cloning and transgenic organs.