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目的 探讨γδT细胞在哮喘气道慢性炎症产生或延续机制中的作用。方法 留取 7例哮喘患者和 7例对照者的外周血和支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF)。用免疫荧光染色和流式细胞分析技术检测γδT细胞的百分率 ,用RT PCR法和基因扫描法分析T细胞受体Vδ1～Vδ3 亚族的相对取用频率及克隆增殖状态。结果 哮喘患者BALF中γδT细胞比例 (7 8%± 4 7%)较对照组 (3 3%± 3 0 %)显著增加 (P =0 0 4 )。哮喘患者的外周血及BALF中V1～Vδ3 亚族的相对取用频率无显著差异 ,但BALF中Vδ1的相对取用频率 (44%± 13%)较对照组 (19%± 5 %)显著增加 (P =0 0 0 0 2 )。哮喘患者BALF中部分Vδ基因亚家族呈单克隆或寡克隆扩增 ,以Vδ1亚族尤其显著。结论 对单一或数种抗原发生特异性应答的γδT细胞在哮喘的炎症过程中可能发挥了较重要的作用 ,而这种 /些抗原的持续刺激可能是支气管哮喘气道炎症发生与持续发展的原因之一。
Objective To investigate the role of γδT cells in the pathogenesis of chronic airway inflammation in asthma. Methods Peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected from 7 asthmatic patients and 7 controls. The percentage of γδT cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. The relative acquisition frequency and clonal proliferation status of T cell receptor Vδ1 ~ Vδ3 subfamily were analyzed by RT PCR and gene scanning. Results The percentage of γδT cells in BALF of asthmatic patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (73% ± 30%) (P = 0.004). There was no significant difference in the relative access frequency of V1 ~ Vδ3 subfamilies in peripheral blood and BALF of asthmatic patients, but the relative acquisition frequency of Vδ1 in BALF (44% ± 13%) was significantly higher than that in control group (19% ± 5%) (P = 0 0 0 0 2). The partial Vδ gene subfamilies in BALF of asthmatic patients were amplified by either monoclonal or oligoclonal amplification, especially Vδ1 subfamily. Conclusion γδT cells that specifically respond to one or several antigens may play a more important role in the inflammatory process of asthma, and the continuous stimulation of these antigens may be the reason of the occurrence and sustainable development of bronchial airway inflammation one.