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为了提供有关我国某些暗色粘性水稻土的分类和利用的资料,以利开展国际学术交流,本文针对三个地区即淮北平原、苏南西部湖区和海南岛东北部玄武岩区共九个土壤剖面进行野外调查观察和室内分析,根据《土壤系统分类》(USDA,1975)提出包括土类、亚类和土属三级的暂拟分类体系。淮北平原的五个剖面和海南岛的两个剖面列为“变性土”的两个亚类即“潮暗色湿变性土”和“新成土性艳色湿变性土”,而苏南的两个剖面列为“变性土性冲积潮新成土”亚类。从而明确我国淮北老黑土(砂姜黑土)应归入“变性土”,而苏南湖区的暗色粘性水稻土只能视为具有变性土性质的水成土。所有三个地区的暗色粘性水稻土都难于耕作并缺乏养分,本文对此提出了改良建议。
In order to provide information on the classification and utilization of some dark-colored clay in China, in order to facilitate international academic exchanges, nine soil profiles in three areas, ie, the Huaibei Plain, the Lake District in southern Jiangsu Province and the basalt area in the northeast of Hainan Island Field survey observations and laboratory analyzes, based on the Soil Taxonomy (USDA, 1975), propose a tentative classification system that includes soil, sub-category and terrestrial levels. The five sections of the Huaibei Plain and the two sections of Hainan Island are listed as two sub-categories of “denudation soil”, namely, “dark ocher wet denitrification soil” and “new earth-wet sex wet denatured soil” A section of the column as a “denudation of alluvial tide newly formed soil” subclass. Therefore, it is clear that the old black soil (Shajiang black soil) in Huaibei should be classified as “denaturalized soil”, whereas the dark-colored clay soil in the southern Jiangsu area can only be considered as the soil water with the properties of denaturalized soil. Dark-colored sticky paddy soils in all three areas are difficult to cultivate and lack nutrients and suggestions for improvement are presented in this paper.