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在认知心理学视阈中,“建构故事”是陪审团审判的关键性认知过程。陪审员通过建构故事模型的方式评估法庭证据、做出判断。其间,故事被构造成符合证据的样子,对证据的认知也通过了故事的过滤。基于融贯性推理展开的故事建构,处于一个不断变化的过程中。陪审员会在有罪或无罪两个选项中发展出自己的偏好,完成融贯性转换。一旦陪审员决定了偏好的选项,就会使该选项及其相关元素的比较优势不断得到强化,直至排除合理怀疑。为了克服陪审团审判的缺点,应当在证据开示、质证之前,对陪审员进行初步的法律指示或培训。这样的审判程序设置,有助于陪审员事先形成一个相对稳定的认知框架,以避免受控辩双方的诱导、提高审判效率,并使裁决结果更加准确。
In the perspective of cognitive psychology, “constructing stories” is the key cognitive process of jury trial. Jurors assess the evidence in the court by making a story model and making judgments. In the meantime, the story is structured to conform to the evidence, the cognitive evidence also passed the story of filtering. Story building based on coherence reasoning is in a process of constant change. Jurors develop their own preferences in both the guilty and innocent options to accomplish coherent conversions. Once the jury has decided on the preferred option, the comparative advantage of the option and its associated elements will be continually enhanced until reasonable doubt is removed. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the jury trial, jury members should be given preliminary legal instructions or training before evidence is disclosed and evidenced. Such a trial procedure helps jurors to form a relatively stable cognitive framework in advance so as to avoid the induction by both the prosecution and the defense, improve the trial efficiency and make the verdict more accurate.