海顿(1732~1809)是奥地利作曲家,被誉为“交响乐之父”。他奠定了4个乐章交响曲的基本结构形式——第一乐章通常为奏鸣曲式的快板乐章,音乐富有戏剧性冲突;第二乐章通常为慢板乐章,富有抒情性和歌唱性;第三乐章通常为速度较快的舞曲乐章,如小步舞曲、谐谑曲;第四乐章回归到快板的终曲乐章,具有总结、回顾的意义。这一结构形式也是交响曲体裁的重要特征,可以作为欣赏交响曲的一把钥匙,进而把握音乐发展的方式和特点。 Haydn (1732 ~ 1809) is an Austrian composer, known as the “father of symphonies.” He laid the basic structure of four movement symphonies - the first movement is usually a sonata-style allegretto melody with dramatic conflicts; the second movement is usually a slow-moving movement, full of lyrical and singing; the third movement usually For the faster dance music, such as the minuet, Scherzo; the fourth movement returned to Allegro Allegro music, with a summary, review the significance. This structure is also an important feature of the symphony genre, which can be used as a key to enjoy the symphony, and then grasp the way and characteristics of music development.