Soil erosion assessment and prediction play critical roles in addressing problems associatedwith erosion control or soil conservation. The past dynamics of soil erosion can provide valuableinformation for us to understand the relations of soil erosion to environmental change andanthropogenic activity. The present paper has compared Holocene climatic changes in northwesternChina with those in southern Norway, and investigated the past dynamics of erosion activity duringthe Holocene. Modem soil erosion on the Loess Plateau is a combinafon of the intensive naturalerosion and human-induced erosion, the latter being four times greater than the former. Because ofglobal warming and increasing human activities, climate on the Loess Plateau is becoming dryer andmore unstable, causing an enhanced erosion problem and water scarcity. In the arctic-alpine region ofsouthern Norway, however, the global wanning and regional wetting caused expansion of the largestEuropean ice cap. This has accentuated the erosion in that region, with a higher frequency ofavalanches and debris flows.