三、中国的转型以 1 978年为起点 ,中国开始了向市场经济的转型。中国与俄罗斯的情况不同 ,在从中央计划向市场经济转变之前 ,并没有出现中央计划之下的长期经济停滞。从 1 952年 ,即第一个五年计划的头一年 ,一直到开始向市场经济转变的 1 978年 ,中国的GDP以年均 6 1 %的速度 Third, the transformation of China In 1978 as a starting point, China began the transition to a market economy. Unlike the situation in Russia, China did not experience any long-term economic stagnation under the Central Plan until it shifted from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. From 1952, the first year of the first five-year plan, to 1978, when it began its transformation to a market economy, China’s GDP grew at an average annual rate of 61%